Philippine Economy
Source: neda.gov.ph
Investment and trade, among others, are essential to job creation. Modest investment spending is a key reason why unemployment has remained high at 11.4 percent.
Investment in the Philippines as a portion of gross domestic product (GDP) was 19.5 percent in 2003 and expected at 20.1 percent in 2004. Foreign investments have been slow in coming to the country. For example, the increase in foreign direct investment inflows from US$1.43 billion in 2002 to US$1.49 billion in 2003 was insignificant and did not reduce unemployment. This situation is a result of several factors, including the pull of investments towards China, weakening investor confidence due to concerns about fiscal sustainability, and structural problems such as peace and order and a weak infrastructure and logistics system. The latter, for example, has hampered the distribution of products.
Based on the World Competitiveness Report, the Philippines’ ranking slid from 48 in 2001 to 56 in 2002 among the countries included in the Global Competitiveness Ranking (GCR). The high cost of doing business has hampered the competitiveness of the Philippines. Power costs are higher compared to China, Taipei, Korea, and Indonesia due to high distribution charges. (Philippine power rates, however, are lower than Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, and India). At the same time, telephone and mobile phone charges were the highest among ASEAN member countries.
Also, the limited government funding for infrastructure is adversely affecting the country’s competitiveness. The Philippine infrastructure and capital outlay performance vis-à-vis other Asian countries is the lowest for the period 1998-2002, averaging a mere 3.3 percent of GDP. The poor quality of infrastructure is perennially cited as the main problem in the Philippines’ global competitiveness.
Philippine exports also face stiff global competition as countries continually strive to improve their productivity and competitiveness. Exports (in dollar terms) grew by 2.4 percent in 2003 and 8.5 percent as of August 2004 while imports grew at 6.1 percent in 2003 and 6.9 percent as of July 2004.
While Philippine merchandise exports (in dollars) grew at an average of 19.2 percent in 1992-1997, export growth decelerated to 14.8 percent in 1998-2000 and further to –1.1 percent in 2001-2003. Philippine merchandise exports were affected by the meltdown in the IT sector in 2000. Exports have grown modestly in 2003 as global demand firmed up. The ADB’s forecast of 8.5 percent growth of Philippine merchandise exports in 2004 is at par with Malaysia and five percentage points higher than Indonesia’s, while Thailand and Singapore will post higher growth rates.
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